A variety of new treatments for cancer have shown remarkable progress, even in cases where all traditional treatments failed. In the past few years, an understanding of how cancer operates at the genetic and molecular levels has opened the door to several new forms of therapy. The new genetic and molecular understanding of cancer is enabling therapies that are precise and targeted, particularly immunotherapy. There are currently 3,400 immunotherapy-oriented cancer-treatment trials under way in the U.S. The recent success of a variety of these techniques to fight cancer suggests we are at a major inflection point in how cancer is treated and perhaps even cured.