During his visit there this November, President Donald Trump admonished Japan to arm itself, even though its American-authored constitution prohibits most international armed conflict. Meanwhile, this year Sweden announced it was bringing back military conscription in 2018. Also, Australia ordered a fleet of new vessels for its navy; India becamethe world’s fourth-largest arms spender; and Saudi Arabia helped put together the first Sunni military alliance. What is going on? It is nothing short of the acceleration of a new global military dynamic, driven by the rise of and perceived threat of the New Autocrats, that is fueling an increase in military spending globally.